Terms:
Id: The first system of personality that is present at birth, largely unconscious, represented as drives: tough, pleasure, and wants
Superego: the opposite pole when compared to the ID. The superego is the "conscience" that represents the rules and logical thinking and guidelines
Ego: The ego is aware of both the ID and the superego and is considered the moderator between them. The Ego uses "logic, intelligence, objectivity and awareness of external reality, a healthy ego considers, modifies and integrates both internal and external pressures" (Seligman & Reichenberg, 2014, p. 46).
The goal of psychoanalysis is to balance the Id and Superego by strengthening the Ego.
Basic Principles:
Freud looked at development as following a predictable pattern in the first 5 years of life. Personality development is a result of the inborn drives during this developmental time, he also believed that individuals have levels of consciousness and develop defense mechanisms to alleviate anxiety.
The stages according to Freud
Oral- focus on the mouth, first year of life
Anal- focus on the process of elimination and feelings about the body 18-36months
Phallic- unconscious sexual desires for a parent 3-5years old.
Latency-quiet period in the child's sexual development 5-11 years
Genital-solidify identity, developing caring and loving feelings and progress in relationships and careers 11-lifespan.
Levels of consciousness
Conscious- information that is readily available
Pre-Conscious- material that may not be part of current awareness but is easily accessible
Unconscious- holds repressed drives and impulses, painful experiences, takes time to access.
Much of Freud's psychotherapy works to uncover the unconscious through exploring dreams, defense mechanisms and through free association. This type of therapy is often lengthy.
Defense Mechanisms
Primary vs. Secondary Defenses-
Relationship to developmental stage
Psychotic vs. Neurotic Defenses
Immature vs. Healthy Defenses
(Seligman & Reichenberg, 2014, p. 44-49)
Id: The first system of personality that is present at birth, largely unconscious, represented as drives: tough, pleasure, and wants
Superego: the opposite pole when compared to the ID. The superego is the "conscience" that represents the rules and logical thinking and guidelines
Ego: The ego is aware of both the ID and the superego and is considered the moderator between them. The Ego uses "logic, intelligence, objectivity and awareness of external reality, a healthy ego considers, modifies and integrates both internal and external pressures" (Seligman & Reichenberg, 2014, p. 46).
The goal of psychoanalysis is to balance the Id and Superego by strengthening the Ego.
Basic Principles:
Freud looked at development as following a predictable pattern in the first 5 years of life. Personality development is a result of the inborn drives during this developmental time, he also believed that individuals have levels of consciousness and develop defense mechanisms to alleviate anxiety.
The stages according to Freud
Oral- focus on the mouth, first year of life
Anal- focus on the process of elimination and feelings about the body 18-36months
Phallic- unconscious sexual desires for a parent 3-5years old.
Latency-quiet period in the child's sexual development 5-11 years
Genital-solidify identity, developing caring and loving feelings and progress in relationships and careers 11-lifespan.
Levels of consciousness
Conscious- information that is readily available
Pre-Conscious- material that may not be part of current awareness but is easily accessible
Unconscious- holds repressed drives and impulses, painful experiences, takes time to access.
Much of Freud's psychotherapy works to uncover the unconscious through exploring dreams, defense mechanisms and through free association. This type of therapy is often lengthy.
Defense Mechanisms
Primary vs. Secondary Defenses-
Relationship to developmental stage
Psychotic vs. Neurotic Defenses
Immature vs. Healthy Defenses
(Seligman & Reichenberg, 2014, p. 44-49)